A Clinico-Pathological Comparative study in patients undergoing Open Vs Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has now replaced open cholecystectomy as the first-choice of treatment for gallstones and inflammation of the gallbladder unless there are contraindications to the laparoscopic approach. The present study is done to know the incidence of cholelithiasis in India with respect to age and sex. To compare and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy surgical procedures. Methods: This is a comparative study done at tertiary care centre for the period of two years. Hundred cases of cholelithiasis were admitted, examined and operated during this period. Seventy two patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and twenty eight patients underwent open cholecystectomy. Surgical complications, duration of hospital stay were also recorded. Results: Maximum incidence of cases was in the 4th decade with female preponderance. The most common symptom was pain abdomen and commonest sign was tenderness. Ultrasonography is the investigation of choice. After laparoscopic cholecystectomy duration of hospital stay as well as return to normal routine work was significantly less as compared to open cholecystectomy. Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is innocuous and actual treatment with early recovery and cosmetic advantage. Open cholecystectomy is preferred if significant adhesions or inflammation are recognized during laparoscopy.